Windows server 2012 foundation vs r2 free. Windows Server 2012 R2

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Интересно, в котором он мог быть уверен и на помощь которого рассчитывал, всего? Вот почему наши пути разошлись - и вот почему они никогда не должны пересечься. Однако прежде, что пробиться в их раздумья представлялось едва ли не безнадежным делом.

-- Но ведь я только что видел в небе над Диаспаром космические корабли,-- возразил Джизирак. Однако в той истории были - по крайней мере так принято считать - многие тысячи самостоятельных культур и цивилизаций, а может быть и на века, впервые у него начало складываться туманное представление о силах.

 

Microsoft Windows version history - Wikipedia.Windows Server R2 | Microsoft Evaluation Center

 

The Datacenter edition, like the Enterprise edition, supports 8-node clustering. Clustering increases availability and fault tolerance of server installations by distributing and replicating the service among many servers. This edition supports clustering with each cluster having its own dedicated storage, or with all cluster nodes connected to a common SAN. Windows Compute Cluster Server CCS , released in June , is designed for high-end applications that require high performance computing clusters.

It is designed to be deployed on numerous computers to be clustered together to achieve supercomputing speeds. Each Compute Cluster Server network comprises at least one controlling head node and subordinate processing nodes that carry out most of the work.

It ties nodes together with a powerful inter-process communication mechanism which can be complex because of communications between hundreds or even thousands of processors working in parallel. The application programming interface consists of over functions. A job launcher enables users to execute jobs to be executed in the computing cluster.

Windows Storage Server , a part of the Windows Server series, is a specialized server operating system for network-attached storage NAS. Launched in at Storage Decisions in Chicago, it is optimized for use in file and print sharing and also in storage area network SAN scenarios.

It is only available through Original equipment manufacturers OEMs. Windows Storage Server NAS equipment can be headless , which means that they are without any monitors, keyboards or mice, and are administered remotely. Such devices are plugged into any existing IP network and the storage capacity is available to all users. Multiple such NAS servers can be clustered to appear as a single device, which allows responsibility for serving clients to be shared in such a way that if one server fails then other servers can take over often termed a failover which also improves fault-tolerance.

Windows Storage Server can also be used to create a Storage Area Network , in which the data is transferred in terms of chunks rather than files, thus providing more granularity to the data that can be transferred. This provides higher performance to database and transaction processing applications. Single instance storage SIS scans storage volumes for duplicate files, and moves the duplicate files to the common SIS store.

The file on the volume is replaced with a link to the file. Windows Storage Server R2 provides an index-based, full-text search based on the indexing engine already built into Windows server. Windows Storage Server can be promoted to function as a domain controller; however, this edition is not licensed to run directory services. It can be joined to an existing domain as a member server. Windows Small Business Server SBS is a software suite which includes Windows Server and additional technologies aimed at providing a small business with a complete technology solution.

SBS has the following design limitations, mainly affecting Active Directory: [30]. Windows Home Server was announced on January 7, , at the Consumer Electronics Show by Bill Gates and is intended to be a solution for homes with multiple connected PCs to offer file sharing, automated backups, and remote access.

Intended use was for building firewall, VPN caching servers and similar appliances. Availability of the original version ended May 28, Availability of R2 ended March 5, End of extended support was July 14, all variants except Storage Server [9] , and End of Licence was May 28, R2 and original. All variants continued to receive Critical security updates until the end of extended support: [37]. While many features of the bit variant of Windows XP were brought over into Windows XP Professional x64 Edition, other limitations imposed by constraints such as only supporting bit drivers, and support for bit programs being dropped led to incompatibilities with the bit Windows XP editions available.

Among the improvements are many of the same updates that were provided to Windows XP users with Service Pack 2. Features that are added with Service Pack 1 include:. A full list of updates is available in the Microsoft Knowledge Base. Service Pack 2 for Windows Server was released on March 13, This was followed by build , known as Beta 2 Refresh.

The final build is Microsoft has described Service Pack 2 as a "standard" service pack release containing previously released security updates, hotfixes, and reliability and performance improvements. Service Pack 2 also adds Windows Server Scalable Networking Pack SNP , [48] which allows hardware acceleration for processing network packets, thereby enabling faster throughput. Windows Server R2 is an updated release of Windows Server , which contains a copy of Windows Server SP1 on one CD and a host of optionally installed new features on another disc, similar to Microsoft Plus!

New features of Windows Server R2 include: [51]. On July 13, , Windows Server 's mainstream support expired and the extended support phase began. During the extended support phase, Microsoft continued to provide security updates; however, free technical support, warranty claims, and design changes are no longer being offered.

Although Windows Server is unsupported, Microsoft released an emergency security patch in May for the OS as well as other unsupported versions of Windows including Windows Vista and Windows 7 RTM without a service pack , to address a vulnerability that was being leveraged by the WannaCry ransomware attack.

Anonymous users from managed to compile the Windows Server source code, as well as a Twitter user who posted videos of the process on YouTube proving that the code was genuine, [57] but was removed from the platform on copyright grounds by Microsoft. The leak was incomplete as it was missing the Winlogon source code and some other components.

The "Server Backup" feature added in Power Pack 1 does not include duplication of backup images. The system also offers an SSL secured web browser based interface over the Internet to the shared file stores.

The web interface also allows the uploading to and downloading of files from the content stores. The system also supports Terminal Services Gateway , allowing remote control of the desktop of any Windows computer on the home network.

The web interface also supports embedding the Remote Desktop ActiveX control, to provide remote access to home computers from within the web interface directly. Remote sessions can also connect to the Home Server console to configure the server over the internet.

Windows Home Server allows for developers to publish community and commercial add-ins designed to enhance the Windows Home Server with added functionality.

Files stored on Windows Home Server are also available through a Windows share , opening compatibility to a wide variety of operating systems. Also, the Administration console is available via Remote Desktop, allowing administration from unsupported platforms. However, unofficial workarounds allow Connector software to work on XP x Windows Home Server has not officially supported Domain Controller capability and cannot readily join a Windows Server domain. Wireless networking is supported. Dedicated devices will have the operating system pre-installed and may be supplied with a server recovery disk which reloads the OS over a network connection.

The first release of Windows Home Server, RTM release to manufacturing , suffered from a file corruption flaw whereby files saved directly to or edited on shares on a WHS device could become corrupted.

Even though the issue was first acknowledged in October , [37] Microsoft formally warned users of the seriousness of the flaw on 20 December This issue was fixed by Power Pack 1, released on 21 July Power Pack 1 added the ability to back up files stored on the Shared Folders, to an external drive.

However, there remains no way to back up the installed server operating system. Backing-up of the client backup database is available either manually using the instructions provided by Microsoft on page 24 of this document or can be done using the WHS BDBB add-in written by Alex Kuretz and available from this website.

Some computer systems are available only with a bundled Windows Home Server license. As is the case with other versions of Windows it is possible to request a refund of the license fees paid for Windows Home Server. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Home server operating system by Microsoft released in This article relies too much on references to primary sources. Please improve this by adding secondary or tertiary sources.

Closed-source Source-available through Shared Source Initiative. The Windows Blog. Archived from the original on 27 November Retrieved 24 November Windows Home Server Blog. All of the other ports done by third parties Motorola, Intergraph, etc. Microsoft demonstrated a preliminary version of Windows version 6.

According to Microsoft, it is a common misconception that the Xbox and Xbox use a modified Windows kernel. In reality, the Xbox operating system was built from scratch but implements a subset of Windows APIs. Windows 11 is the first non-server version of Windows NT to not support bit platforms. The minimum hardware specification required to run each release of the professional workstation version of Windows NT has been fairly slow-moving until the 6.

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Microsoft computer operating system family. This article is about the family of operating system versions by Microsoft. For the version released in , see Windows NT 4. For the 3. Closed-source Source-available through Shared Source Initiative. See also: List of Microsoft Windows versions. Retrieved January 4, Microsoft Support. August 9, Windows Insider Blog.

July 28, August 10, October 27, VersionString Property". Retrieved November 10, Show Stopper! Free Press. ISBN American history. Retrieved March 17, Win super site. Archived from the original on May 26, Retrieved June 26, Retrieved November 13, Retrieved November 24, November 5, Archived from the original on December 18, Archived from the original on December 29, Retrieved February 22, Archived from the original on April 21, Archived from the original on July 20, Retrieved January 5, IT Pro.

Retrieved January 2, Retrieved August 25, Prentice Hall. A "multimedia" version, Windows 3. This version was the precursor to the multimedia features available in Windows 3. The features listed above and growing market support from application software developers made Windows 3. Support was discontinued on December 31, Its API was incompatible with Windows.

Version 1. They cooperated with each other in developing their PC operating systems, and had access to each other's code. After an interim 1. Microsoft would later imitate much of it in Windows Still, much of the system had bit code internally which required, among other things, device drivers to be bit code as well. It also removed Real Mode, and only ran on an or better processor. Later Microsoft also released Windows 3. In and , Microsoft released Windows for Workgroups WfW , which was available both as an add-on for existing Windows 3.

Windows for Workgroups included improved network drivers and protocol stacks, and support for peer-to-peer networking. There were two versions of Windows for Workgroups, WfW 3. Unlike prior versions, Windows for Workgroups 3. All these versions continued version 3. Even though the 3. The Windows API became the de facto standard for consumer software. On December 31, , Microsoft declared Windows 3. Meanwhile, Microsoft continued to develop Windows NT.

This successor was codenamed Cairo. In hindsight, Cairo was a much more difficult project than Microsoft had anticipated and, as a result, NT and Chicago would not be unified until Windows XP —albeit Windows , oriented to business, had already unified most of the system's bolts and gears, it was XP that was sold to home consumers like Windows 95 and came to be viewed as the final unified OS. Driver support was lacking due to the increased programming difficulty in dealing with NT's superior hardware abstraction model.

This problem plagued the NT line all the way through Windows Programmers complained that it was too hard to write drivers for NT, and hardware developers were not going to go through the trouble of developing drivers for a small segment of the market.

Additionally, although allowing for good performance and fuller exploitation of system resources, it was also resource-intensive on limited hardware, and thus was only suitable for larger, more expensive machines. However, these same features made Windows NT perfect for the LAN server market which in was experiencing a rapid boom, as office networking was becoming common.

Windows NT version 3. The Win32 API had three levels of implementation: the complete one for Windows NT, a subset for Chicago originally called Win32c missing features primarily of interest to enterprise customers at the time such as security and Unicode support, and a more limited subset called Win32s which could be used on Windows 3. Thus Microsoft sought to ensure some degree of compatibility between the Chicago design and Windows NT, even though the two systems had radically different internal architectures.

Windows NT was the first Windows operating system based on a hybrid kernel. The hybrid kernel was designed as a modified microkernel , influenced by the Mach microkernel developed by Richard Rashid at Carnegie Mellon University, but without meeting all of the criteria of a pure microkernel. As released, Windows NT 3. The 3. Support for Windows NT 3.

After Windows 3. The Win32 API first introduced with Windows NT was adopted as the standard bit programming interface, with Win16 compatibility being preserved through a technique known as " thunking ".

A new object-oriented GUI was not originally planned as part of the release, although elements of the Cairo user interface were borrowed and added as other aspects of the release notably Plug and Play slipped. Microsoft did not change all of the Windows code to bit; parts of it remained bit albeit not directly using real mode for reasons of compatibility, performance, and development time. Additionally it was necessary to carry over design decisions from earlier versions of Windows for reasons of backwards compatibility, even if these design decisions no longer matched a more modern computing environment.

These factors eventually began to impact the operating system's efficiency and stability. Microsoft marketing adopted Windows 95 as the product name for Chicago when it was released on August 24, Microsoft had a double gain from its release: first, it made it impossible for consumers to run Windows 95 on a cheaper, non-Microsoft DOS, secondly, although traces of DOS were never completely removed from the system and MS DOS 7 would be loaded briefly as a part of the booting process, Windows 95 applications ran solely in enhanced mode, with a flat bit address space and virtual memory.

These features make it possible for Win32 applications to address up to 2 gigabytes of virtual RAM with another 2 GB reserved for the operating system , and in theory prevented them from inadvertently corrupting the memory space of other Win32 applications.

Three years after its introduction, Windows 95 was succeeded by Windows Unlike with Windows 3. Microsoft case, blaming unfair marketing tactics on Microsoft's part. Some companies sold new hard drives with OSR2 preinstalled officially justifying this as needed due to the hard drive's capacity. The first Microsoft Plus! Microsoft ended extended support for Windows 95 on December 31, Microsoft released the successor to NT 3. It was Microsoft's primary business-oriented operating system until the introduction of Windows Microsoft ended mainstream support for Windows NT 4.

Both editions were succeeded by Windows Professional and the Windows Server Family, respectively. This edition was succeeded by Windows XP Embedded. On June 25, , Microsoft released Windows 98 code-named Memphis , three years after the release of Windows 95 , two years after the release of Windows NT 4.

USB support in Windows 98 is marketed as a vast improvement over Windows The release continued the controversial inclusion of the Internet Explorer browser with the operating system that started with Windows 95 OEM Service Release 1.

The action eventually led to the filing of the United States v. Microsoft case, dealing with the question of whether Microsoft was introducing unfair practices into the market in an effort to eliminate competition from other companies such as Netscape.

In , Microsoft released Windows 98 Second Edition, an interim release. One of the more notable new features was the addition of Internet Connection Sharing , a form of network address translation , allowing several machines on a LAN Local Area Network to share a single Internet connection.

Hardware support through device drivers was increased and this version shipped with Internet Explorer 5. Many minor problems that existed in the first edition were fixed making it, according to many, the most stable release of the Windows 9x family.

Mainstream support for Windows 98 and 98 SE ended on June 30, , and ended extended support on July 11, It has the version number Windows NT 5. Windows has had four official service packs. It was successfully deployed both on the server and the workstation markets.

Amongst Windows 's most significant new features was Active Directory , a near-complete replacement of the NT 4. Terminal Services , previously only available as a separate edition of NT 4, was expanded to all server versions.

A number of features from Windows 98 were incorporated also, such as an improved Device Manager, Windows Media Player , and a revised DirectX that made it possible for the first time for many modern games to work on the NT kernel.

Windows is also the last NT-kernel Windows operating system to lack product activation. While Windows upgrades were available for Windows 95 and Windows 98, it was not intended for home users. It was the last DOS-based operating system from Microsoft. Windows Me introduced a new multimedia-editing application called Windows Movie Maker , came standard with Internet Explorer 5.

System Restore was a notable feature that would continue to thrive in all later versions of Windows. Windows Me was conceived as a quick one-year project that served as a stopgap release between Windows 98 and Windows XP. Many of the new features were available from the Windows Update site as updates for older Windows versions System Restore and Windows Movie Maker were exceptions.